In a couple of days I will embark on a trip to the middle of the country, first and foremost to see my partner and deliver her her beloved cat Prisstina. Second, to head to Purdue to give a paper titled “Producing the Spectacle of Terror: The Rise of Eco-Terrorism and the Ideology of the ‘Green Scare.’” The title of the paper is only somewhat misleading, but I wanted to post the introduction, well I guess really the first couple of pages here before I go. Enjoy!
San Francisco Bay area collective Retort, writes in their 2005 Afflicted Powers: Capital and the Spectacle in a New Age of War, “we do not believe that one can destroy the society of the spectacle by producing the spectacle of its destruction” (34). It is with such a claim that Retort simultaneously works to condemn the suicide bombings of September 11th, 2001 and thinks neo-imperial power at its concrescence with the flows of transnational capital. Indeed, they remain true to Debord’s theorization of the spectacle as “a social relation between people that is mediated by images,” but a social relation that remains a ‘domain of delusion and false consciousness,’ a visible negation of life that can result in nothing other than an economy dominating social life itself (2). It is thus with this claim that Retort foments a direct offensive against Jean Baudrillard’s The Spirit of Terrorism, particularly, the moments wherein Baudrillard identifies the spectacle as constitutive of the absolute or pure event: “the spectacle of terrorism forces the terrorism of spectacle upon us” (30). For Baudrillard, it precisely the symbolic violence of the 9/11 attacks that is generative of a debilitating power, a power that establishes the conditions of possibility for the image to precede the real, for the potential collapse of capitalism and subsequently Western society, to precede and fundamentally disrupt the means by which it persists. This is to say, where Baudrillard understands the relationship shared between terrorism and the spectacle as productive of the conditions under which we can imagine the imminent dissolution of state power and transnational capital, terrorism is recreated in the powers that would guard against this dissolution. This is a victory of the September 11th attacks for Baudrillard, an ‘uncontrollable unleashing of reversibility,’ the impossibility of drawing a distinction between “the crime and the crackdown” (31). Thus, terrorism, for Baudrillard, puts an end to liberal democratic and economic projects as it results in a kind of police-state globalization, in total control, and terror based ‘law-and-order’ measures (32).
But behind Retort’s condemnation of the spectacle utilized as a form of resistance to state power and to transnational capital is a simple claim, one complicates Baudrillard’s analysis of the attacks on the twin towers as it seeks to carve out an objective space within its discourse. Simply put, where Retort claims that one cannot destroy the society of the spectacle by producing the spectacle of its destruction, the phenomenon of terrorism is neither equitable nor reducible to an anti-statist or anti-capitalist tactics of resistance. I could restate this claim. To borrow a phrase from Will Potter’s Green is the New Red: An Insider’s Account of a Social Movement Under Siege, Retort seems to want to be able to claim that ‘activism is not terrorism.’ So what we have between Retort and Baudrillard is a philosophy of terrorism and the spectacle at two poles. On the one hand, Retort maintains objectivity, or the ability to condemn acts of terror and draw a distinction between terrorism and anti-statist, anti-capitalist forms of resistance: the global demonstrations against the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 being the privileged example of the difference in Afflicted Powers. On the other hand, following the September 11th attacks, Baudrillard denies the ability to parse discreet and objective differences between crime and terrorism at any level, whether it be at the macropolitical level between terrorism and state power, or recapitulated at the micropolitical level, between something like activism and terrorism. Indeed, state terrorism acts as a mechanism through which a categorical distinction between activism and terrorism becomes blurred.
Separate from each other, I don’t think either theorization the September 11th attacks allows for a substantive theorization of the responses to terrorism, or, maybe more accurately, to potential terrorist threats, in the United States subsequent to 9/11. If Retort’s theoretical shortcomings lie in retaining an objectivity that remains impossible to parse, Baudrillard’s lie in an all too easy erasure of the processes through which terrorism establishes the conditions of possibility for socio-political, economic, and juridical dissolution. Here, then, I would like to think the coimplication of Retort and Baudrillard’s theorization of the spectacle and terrorism as a means of interrogating the discourse around Eco- and Animal terrorism in the United States. More specifically, I would like to think the identification and prosecution of eco- and animal terrorists as, following Jasbir Puar, an extension of the racist and homophobic techniques of terrorist identification that persisted post 9/11. This is to say, I want to consider some of the actually existing processes through which the ‘crime and the crackdown’ become impossible to parse as well as the desire to maintain some kind of categorical distinction between terrorism and the ever expanding list of activities and subjectivities that become criminalized and codified as terrorist. So if it is the spectacle, the image that precedes the event and the power of symbolic violence that is both an inadequate tactic of resistance to state power and transnational capital and the basis from which the state justifies its new and preemptive responses to potential terrorist threats, I think it might be beneficial to think the way in which the spectacle of terrorism is framed and utilized.
–MLA
Filed under: Everything's Political, Animal Terrorism, Eco-Terrorism, Green is the New Red, Jasbir k. Puar, Jean Baudrillard, Retort, Terrorism, Terrorist Assemblages